Man-Machine Interfaces

$author:   Jin-Wen (Ed) Lai, s9360511[at]ntut[dot]org[dot]tw
$date:     May. 2003
$revised:  Mar. 2018
$keywords: man, machine, interface

Main: 
        CALL    Enter_Configuration_mode 
        CALL    Check_Chip             ;Don't need in BIOS POST code 
        JNC     Initial_OK               ;Don't need in BIOS POST code 
        CALL    Earlyio_Program 
        CALL    Initialize_All_Device 
        CALL    Before_Boot 
        CALL    Exit_Configuration_mode 
        CALL    Reset_System           ;Don't need in BIOS POST code 
  Initial_OK: 
        CALL    Exit_Configuration_mode    ;Don't need in BIOS POST code 
        MOV   AH, 4Ch 
        INT     21h

Initialize_All_Device PROC NEAR 
APC_PME_Status: 
KBC_Keyboard_Status: 
KBC_Mouse_Status: 
MIDI_Status: 
Game_Status: 
CIR_Status: 
FDC_Status: 
FDC_Function: 
Register: 
Serial1_Status: 
Serial2_Status: 
Serial2_Function: 
ConfigurationRegister2:

Parallel_Status:
        MOV BH, 03h                  ;LDN=03h -> Parallel port 
        MOV BL, BYTE PTR CS:[Parallel]      ;Enable/Disable Parallel port 

        CALL    Set_Device_Status 
        MOV BX, WORD PTR CS:[Parallel+01h]  ;Set Parallel portbaseaddress
        CALL    Set_Device_Port 
        MOV BL, BYTE PTR CS:[Parallel+03h]  ;Set Parallel port IRQ 
        CALL    Set_Device_IRQ 
Parallel_Function:
        MOV AL, 0F0h                         ;(Index 0F0h) 
        MOV AH, BYTE PTR CS:[P_Mode]        ;Parallel Port Special 
ConfigurationRegister:
        CALL    Write_Configuration_Data         ;P_Mode->SPP, EPP, ECP... 
        MOV AH, BYTE PTR CS:[P_Mode] 
        AND AH, 02h 
        JZ      No_Set_DMA 
        MOV AL, 074h 
        MOV     AH, BYTE PTR CS:[P_DMA]         ;Set Parallel DMA channel 
        CALL    Write_Configuration_Data         ;P_DMA->DMA channel 
No_Set_DMA:
        RET 
Initialize_All_Device ENDP

;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Parallel       DB  01h   ;00h->Disable,  01h->Enable 
                DW  378h  ;3BCh->LPT0,    378h->LPT1,  278h->LPT2 
                DB  07h   ;07h->IRQ7,     05h->IRQ5 
P_Mode         DB  03h   ;00h->SPP,      01h->EPP,    02h->ECP, 03h->EPP&ECP 
P_DMA          DB  03h   ;01h->DMA1,     03h->DMA3 
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/******************************************************************************
Linux Device drivers

Compiler: $ sudo make
Enable:   $ sudo sdd_load    #<= loading it on your kernel
Disable:  $ sudo sdd_unload  #<= remove it on you kernel
Usage:    $ sudo echo -n "12345" > /dev/sddw
Files:    1. Makefile
          2. sdd_load
          3. sdd_unload
******************************************************************************/

#if defined(CONFIG_MODVERSIONS) && ! defined(MODVERSIONS)
#include <linux/modversions.h>
#define MODVERSIONS
#endif

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>  // for put_user,
#include <linux/ioport.h> // for check_region...
#include <linux/sched.h>  // for request_irq ...
#include <linux/errno.h>  // for -EIO...
#include <asm/io.h>       // for inb_p outb_p
#include <linux/delay.h>  // for u_delay

/* Sub Proc */

int init_module(void);
void cleanup_module(void);
static int sdd_open(struct inode *, struct file *);
static int sdd_release(struct inode *, struct file *);
static int sdd_ioctl(struct inode *, struct file *,unsigned int ,unsigned long);
static int sdd_read(struct file *, const char *, size_t, loff_t *);
static int sdd_write(struct file *, const char *, size_t, loff_t *);
static void sdd_irq_handler(int ,void *,struct pt_regs *);

#define DEVICE_NAME "sdd"

// major device number 
#define SDD_MAJOR 0          // SDD_MAJOR = 0   表示由系統動態配置

// minor device number
#define SDD_WRITE 0
#define SDD_READ 1

// ioctl commands
#define SDD_TRON    _IO('M',0x01)
#define SDD_TROFF   _IO('M',0x02)

// I/O ports used by the device

#define SDD_BASE     0x378       // base port (the First Printer port )
#define SDD_REGSIZE  3           // size of I/O port regin

#define SDD_OUT (SDD_BASE + 0)
#define SDD_IN  (SDD_BASE + 2)

// interrupt line used by the device
#define SDD_IRQ 0x7

#define TRACE_CHR(chr) \
    if (sdd_trace) printk("%c",(chr));

#define TRACE_TXT(txt) \
    if (sdd_trace) printk(KERN_INFO"%s\n",(txt));

static int sdd_trace;
static int read_busy;
static int write_busy;

static int Major;                               // Major Device Number

static int myint;                               // for delay loop
MODULE_PARM (myint, "i");                       // i: integer

static int i;
MODULE_PARM (i, "i");

static char b;          // b: single byte
MODULE_PARM (b, "b");

static struct file_operations fops = {
    .read = sdd_read,
    .write = sdd_write,
    .ioctl = sdd_ioctl,
    .open = sdd_open,
    .release = sdd_release
};

// .............................. Functions .................................

int init_module(void)
{

    Major = register_chrdev(SDD_MAJOR, DEVICE_NAME, &fops);
    if (Major < 0) {
        printk (KERN_WARNING"SDD:Registering the character device failed with %d\n", Major);
        return Major;
        return -EIO;
    }

    if(check_region(SDD_BASE,SDD_REGSIZE)) {
          printk (KERN_WARNING"SDD:Cannot Register ports at %04x\n", SDD_BASE);
          unregister_chrdev(Major, "sdd");
          return -EIO;
    }

    request_region(SDD_MAJOR, SDD_REGSIZE,"sdd");
    if(request_irq(SDD_IRQ,sdd_irq_handler,SA_INTERRUPT,"sdd",NULL)){
        printk (KERN_WARNING"SDD:Cannot Register IRQ %d", SDD_IRQ);
        release_region(SDD_BASE, SDD_REGSIZE);
        unregister_chrdev(Major, "sdd");
        return -EIO;
    }

    sdd_trace=0;
    read_busy=0;
    write_busy=0;
    printk(KERN_INFO"\nSDD:Register\n");
    return 0;
}

void cleanup_module(void)
{
    free_irq(SDD_IRQ,NULL);
    release_region(SDD_BASE,SDD_REGSIZE);
    int ret = unregister_chrdev(Major, DEVICE_NAME);
    if (ret < 0){
        printk("Error in unregister_chrdev: %d\n", ret);
    }else{
        printk (KERN_INFO"SDD:unRegistered\n");
    }
}

static int sdd_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file){
    TRACE_TXT("sdd_open");

    switch(MINOR(inode->i_rdev)){
        case SDD_WRITE:
            if(write_busy) return -EBUSY;
            write_busy = 1;
            break;
        case SDD_READ:
            if(read_busy) return -EBUSY;
            read_busy = 1;
            break;
        default:
            return -ENXIO;
    }
    MOD_INC_USE_COUNT;
    return 0;
}

static int sdd_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file){
    TRACE_TXT("RELEASE");
    switch(MINOR(inode->i_rdev)){
        case SDD_WRITE:
            write_busy = 0;
            break;
        case SDD_READ:
            read_busy = 0;
            break;
        default:
            return -ENXIO;
    }
    MOD_DEC_USE_COUNT;
    return 0;
}

static int sdd_read(struct file *file,const char *buf,size_t count,loff_t *ppos){

    TRACE_TXT("sdd:read");

    if(MINOR(file->f_dentry->d_inode->i_rdev) != SDD_READ){
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    printk("<1>%d\n",count);

    for(i = 0;i < count;i++){
        if(put_user(inb_p(SDD_IN),buf+i)){
            return -EFAULT;
        }
        TRACE_CHR('r');
    }
    TRACE_CHR('\n');
    return i;
}

/*  Called when a process writes to dev file: echo "hi" > /dev/hello */
static int sdd_write(struct file *file,const char *buf,size_t count,loff_t *ppos)
{
    TRACE_TXT("sdd:write");
    if(MINOR(file->f_dentry->d_inode->i_rdev) != SDD_WRITE)
        return -EINVAL;

    for(i=0;i< count;i++){
        if(get_user(b,buf+i)){
            return -EFAULT;
        }else{
            outb_p(b,SDD_OUT);
            for (myint=1;myint<=1000;myint++){
                udelay(1000);
            }
        }
        TRACE_CHR('w');
    }
    TRACE_CHR('\n');
    return i;
}

static int sdd_ioctl(struct inode *inode,struct file *file,unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg){

    TRACE_TXT("sdd:ioctl");

    switch(cmd){
        case SDD_TRON:
            sdd_trace=1;
            return 0;
        case SDD_TROFF:
            sdd_trace=0;
            return 0;
        default:
            return -EINVAL;
    }

}

static void sdd_irq_handler(int irq,void *dev_id,struct pt_regs *regs){
    sdd_trace = 1- sdd_trace;

}

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("SDD");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Smart Device Drivers");
MODULE_SUPPORTED_DEVICE("Smart Device Drivers");

WARN    := -W -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes
INCLUDE := -isystem /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build/include
CFLAGS  := -O2 -DMODULE -D__KERNEL__ ${WARN} ${INCLUDE}
CC      := gcc-3.2
OBJS    := ${patsubst %.c, %.o, ${wildcard *.c}}
all: ${OBJS}
.PHONY: clean
clean:
    rm -rf *.o

sub echoString {
    $mainArea->delete("1.0", "end");
    unless ($echoString eq ""){
        $status->configure(-text=>"echo String ".$echoString." to SDD.");
        $command ="echo -n \"".$echoString ."\" > /dev/sddw";
        system($command);
        $mainArea->insert('end',  "Finish Downloaded ASCII Code ".$echoString ." by shell command(echo) ". " ..");
        $status->configure(-text=>"download ok");
        $echoString="";
    }else{
        $status->configure(-text=>"Empty !! Please make sure again!!");
    }
}
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 下載資料到裝置 ( 經由 Perl Script open/Close Function下載  ): 
# 同上述 STEP 1 至 STEP 7
# 輸入欲傳輸的 ASCII Code 輸入 Entry 按下 『 SUMIT  to SDD by open a Device 』 
# 裝置上的 LED 會將 送到裝置上的 ASCII Code 依序 顯示在  LED 上
# 使用shell command (echo) 輸出程式碼說明 Perl code
# 紅色部分即是用 Perl開啟(open)與 關閉(close)裝置的Script
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub writeDevice{
    $mainArea->delete("1.0",  "end");
    unless ($echoString eq ""){
        $devicepath="> \/dev\/sddw";
        @_=split(//, $echoString);

        $mainArea->insert('end',  "Downloading ASCII Code ".$echoString." now\n");
        $status->configure(-text=>"sending". $_." now ");

        foreach $_ (@_) {
              open(FILE, $devicepath);  
            print "download ASCII code --> ".$_." now \n";
            print FILE $_;
            close(FILE);
        }
        $mainArea->insert('end',  "Finish Downloaded by ASCII Code ".$echoString." PERL Script open\/close Function..");
        $status->configure(-text=>"Writing to SDD ok");
        $echoString="";
    }else{

            $status->configure(-text=>"Empty !! Please make sure again!!");
        }
}

#!/bin/sh

module="sdd"
device="sdd"
mode="666"

##########################################
# Step <1> 動態載入模組
##########################################

/sbin/insmod  ${module}.o || exit 1

###########################################
# Step <2> Finding Device drivers's major Number
#          找出裝置的主要代碼
###########################################

major=`cat /proc/devices | grep sdd | awk '{ print $1 }'`

#####################################################
# Step <3> Remove Old SDD Device drivers If it's exist ...
#          不管裝置存不存在 安全起見 先移除裝置
#####################################################

rm -f /dev/${device}0
rm -f /dev/${device}1
rm -f /dev/${device}r
rm -f /dev/${device}w

#####################################################
# Step <4> 建立 節點 ( 次要 節點 Minor Number )
#####################################################

mknod --m=${mode} /dev/${device}0 c ${major} 0
mknod --m=${mode} /dev/${device}1 c ${major} 1

##########################################
# Step <5> 制作 捷徑
##########################################

ln -sf sdd0 /dev/${device}w
ln -sf sdd1 /dev/${device}r

##########################################
# Step <6> 列 出  建 立 好 的 裝 置
##########################################

ls -l /dev | grep sdd

#!/bin/sh
module="sdd"
device="sdd"

rm -f /dev/${device}0
rm -f /dev/${device}1
rm -f /dev/${device}r
rm -f /dev/${device}w

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use Tk;

# Create main window.
my $main = new MainWindow;
$main->title("SDD HELPER");

# A menu bar is really a Frame.
$menubar = $main->Frame(-relief=>"raised", -borderwidth=>2);

# Menubuttons appear on the menu bar.
$filebutton = $menubar->Menubutton(-text=>"Module", -underline => 0, 
                -menuitems => [[ 'command' =>"make SDD", 
                        -command => \&make_choice], 
                        ['command' =>"Load SDD", 
                        -command => \&loadSDD_choice], 
                        ['command' =>"unload SDD", 
                        -command => \&unloadSDD_choice], 
                        "-", 
                        ['command' =>"lsmod", 
                        -command => \&lsmod_choice], 
                        ['command' =>"Exit", 
                        -command =>\&exit_choice]]);
$filebutton->pack(-side=>"left");

# Resource menu.
$resousebutton = $menubar->Menubutton(-text=>"Resouse", -underline => 0, 
                -menuitems => [[ 'command' =>"I/O...", 
                        -command => \&ioResouse ], 
                        ['command' =>"Modules(lsmod)", 
                        -command => \&modulesResouse ], 
                        ['command' =>"Ksyms", 
                        -command => \&KsymsResouse ], 
                        ['command' =>"Devices", 
                        -command => \&DevicesResouse ], 
                        ['command' =>"IRQ", 
                        -command => \&IrqResouse ], 
                        "-", 
                        ['command' =>"Loglevel String", 
                        -command => \&logLevelResouse ], 
                        ['command' =>".....", 
                        -command => \&modulesResouse ]]);
$resousebutton->pack(-side=>"left");

# Command menu.
$commandbutton = $menubar->Menubutton(-text=>"Command", -underline => 0, 
                -menuitems => [[ 'command' =>"ps", 
                        -command => \&psCommand ], 
                        ['command' =>"dmesg", 
                        -command => \&dmesgCommand ], 
                        ['command' =>"ls -l /dev", 
                        -command => \&lsDevCommand ], 
                        ['command' =>"--", 
                        -command => \&DevicesResouse ], 
                        ['command' =>".....", 
                        -command => \&modulesResouse ]]);
$commandbutton->pack(-side=>"left");



# Help menu.
$helpbutton = $menubar->Menubutton(-text=>"Help", -underline => 0, 
        -menuitems => [[ 'command' =>"About...", 
        -command => \&about_choice ]]);

# Help menu should appear on the right.
$helpbutton->pack(-side=>"right");
$menubar->pack(-side=>"top",  -fill=>"x");

$echoString="";

#  ........................................
$main->Label(-text => "send String By Echo command Shell / Open Print Port:")->pack(-side => 'top',  -anchor => 'w', -fill => 'x',  -expand => 1);
$main->Entry(-textvariable => \$echoString)->pack(-side => 'top',  -anchor => 'w', -fill => 'x',  -expand => 1);

#  ........................................
$main->Button(-text => "SUMIT to SDD by SHELL (Echo) command",  -relief=>'ridge', -command => \&echoString )->pack(-side => 'top', -anchor => 'w', -fill => 'x',  -expand => 1);
$main->Button(-text => "SUMIT to SDD by OPEN a Device",  -relief=>'ridge', -command => \&writeDevice )->pack(-side => 'top', -anchor => 'w', -fill => 'x',  -expand => 1);
$main->Button(-text => "read the Data From SDD Device",  -relief=>'ridge', -command => \&readDevice )->pack(-side => 'top', -anchor => 'w', -fill => 'x',  -expand => 1);



# Create a label widget for the main area.
$mainArea=$main->Scrolled(qw/Text -setgrid true -width 100 -height 10 -scrollbars e -wrap word/);
$mainArea->pack(qw/-expand yes -fill both  -side top/);

$main->Button(-text => "makeing SDD ",  -relief=>'ridge', -command => \&make_choice )->pack(-side => 'top', -anchor => 'w', -fill => 'x',  -expand => 1);
$main->Button(-text => "Loading SDD ",  -relief=>'ridge', -command => \&loadSDD_choice )->pack(-side => 'top', -anchor => 'w', -fill => 'x',  -expand => 1);
$main->Button(-text => "Remove  SDD ",  -relief=>'ridge', -command => \&unloadSDD_choice )->pack(-side => 'top', -anchor => 'w', -fill => 'x',  -expand => 1);
$main->Button(-text => "Who am I",  -relief=>'ridge', -command => \&whoAmI_choise )->pack(-side => 'top', -anchor => 'w', -fill => 'x',  -expand => 1);


# Create a status area.
$status = $main->Label(-text=>"Status area", -borderwidth=>2, -anchor=>"w");
$status->pack(-side=>"top",  -fill=>"x");


# Let Perl/Tk handle window events.
MainLoop;

sub echoString {
    $mainArea->delete("1.0",  "end");
    unless ($echoString eq ""){
        $status->configure(-text=>"echo String ".$echoString." to SDD.");
        $command ="echo -n \"".$echoString ."\" > /dev/sddw";
        system($command);
        $mainArea->insert('end',  "Finish Downloaded ASCII Code ".$echoString ." by shell command(echo) ". " ..");
        $status->configure(-text=>"download ok");
        $echoString="";
    }else{
        $status->configure(-text=>"Empty !! Please make sure again!!");
    }
}

# Todo 要有裝置 lock 功能

sub writeDevice{
    $mainArea->delete("1.0",  "end");
    unless ($echoString eq ""){
        $devicepath="> \/dev\/sddw";
        @_=split(//, $echoString);

        $mainArea->insert('end',  "Downloading ASCII Code ".$echoString." now\n");
        $status->configure(-text=>"sending". $_." now ");

        foreach $_ (@_) {
              open(FILE, $devicepath);
            print "download ASCII code --> ".$_." now \n";
            print FILE $_;
            close(FILE);
        }
        $mainArea->insert('end',  "Finish Downloaded by ASCII Code ".$echoString." PERL Script open\/close Function..");
        $status->configure(-text=>"Writing to SDD ok");
        $echoString="";
    }else{

            $status->configure(-text=>"Empty !! Please make sure again!!");
        }
}

sub readDevice{
    $devicepath="\/dev\/sddr";
    $mainArea->delete("1.0",  "end");

    open(FILE, $devicepath);
        while(<FILE>){
            print $_."\n";
            ; # next | last | last if ($i == 1)
        }
    close(FILE);
}

sub whoAmI_choise{
    $mainArea->delete("1.0",  "end");
    exeCommand("whoami");
        $status->configure(-text=>"Who are You !!");
}

# .................................................
# Subroutine to handle button click.
sub exit_choice {
    print "Bye!\n";
    exit;
}
sub lsmod_choice {
    exeCommand("lsmod");
    $status->configure(-text=>"List Module .");
}
sub make_choice {
    exeCommand("make");
    $status->configure(-text=>"making SDD. ok");
}

sub loadSDD_choice {
    exeCommand("./sdd_load");
    $status->configure(-text=>"Loading SDD.");
}

sub unloadSDD_choice {

    exeCommand("./sdd_unload");
    $status->configure(-text=>"unLoad SDD.");
}

sub about_choice {
    $mainArea->delete("1.0",  "end");
    $mainArea->insert('end',  "SDD Helper 1.0");
    $status->configure(-text=>"About the SDD.");

}

# .................................................
sub ioResouse{
    &readFile("/proc/ioports");
    $status->configure(-text=>"IO port List p.53 ");
}

sub modulesResouse{
    &readFile("/proc/modules");
    $status->configure(-text=>"Module Info p.51");
}
sub KsymsResouse{
    &readFile("/proc/ksyms");
    $status->configure(-text=>"Kernel Table p.53");
}
sub DevicesResouse{
    &readFile("/proc/devices");
    $status->configure(-text=>" Devices p.61");
}
sub IrqResouse{
    &readFile("/proc/interrupts");
    $status->configure(-text=>" Devices p.245");
}
sub logLevelResouse{
    &readFile("/usr/src/linux-2.4.19-16mdk/include/linux/kernel.h");
    $status->configure(-text=>" logLevel String p.95");
}
# .................................................
sub psCommand{
    exeCommand("ps");
    $status->configure(-text=>"PS OK");
}
sub dmesgCommand{
    exeCommand("dmesg");
    $status->configure(-text=>"Dmesg OK");
}

sub lsDevCommand{
    exeCommand("ls -l /dev");
    $status->configure(-text=>"finding Major and Minor number(c:char node/ b:block node) p.58");
}
# .................................................
sub exeCommand{
    $command=$_[0].">response.txt";
    system($command);
    &readFile("response.txt");
    system("rm -f response.txt");
}
# .................................................
sub readFile{
    $mainArea->delete("1.0",  "end");
    open( FILENAME, $_[0] );
    @context=<FILENAME>;
    close(FILENAME);

    foreach $i(@context){
        $mainArea->insert('end',  $i);
    }

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>downing ascii code to /drv/sddw</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3> downloading ASCII code to <br>
    Remote Server's <font color=#0000ff> /dev/sddw </font>
</h3>
<p>
<form action="download.php" method="GET" target="_parent">
    <table cellpadding="0"><tr>
    <td> <input type="text" name=downLoadString> </td>
    <td><input name="sumit" type="submit"> </td>
    </tr></table>
</form>
<p>

這網頁會將你所鍵入的 ASCII Code <br>
送到遠端主機的 /dev/sddw 裝置
<p>
The Page is at /var/www/html ( remote machine )<br>
Edited by BuleFish
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>Download ASCII code to /drv/sddw</title>
</head>
<body>
<?
echo "<h3> Download ASCII code \"<font color=#ff0000>". $downLoadString. "</font>\"  <br> to Remote Server's  /dev/sddw </h3>";
echo "<hr><p><p>";
if ($downLoadString != ""){
    echo "The ASCII Code\"" . $downLoadString . "\"download Ok...";
    $fp=fopen ( "/dev/sddw", "w" );
        fwrite($fp,  $downLoadString);
    fclose($fp);
}else{
    echo " Empty!! Please make sure again  !!<p>";
    echo "<a href='download.html'> Try Again </a><p>";
}
?>
<p>
<p>
<hr>
Opening the <font color=#0000ff><b>/sdd/sddw </b></font>
by <font color=#0000ff><b> PHP </b></font> script <br>
fopen/fwrite function [ download.php ]

<p>
PS. if download speed is too slow,  <br>try to mak a under downloading page
</body>
</html>